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What (who) is gypsum - definition
![Gypsum works, [[Valencian Museum of Ethnology]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2.-Calera. Cal i guix (26561676342).jpg?width=200 "Gypsum works, [[Valencian Museum of Ethnology]]")
![Old [[Alfarb]] kiln for making plaster as a construction material](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Algepsar d'Alfarb. Forn primer, 1 (País Valencià).jpg?width=200 "Old [[Alfarb]] kiln for making plaster as a construction material")
 (cropped2).jpg?width=200 "Map of gypsum deposits in northern Ohio, black squares indicate the location of deposits, from ''\"Geography of Ohio\"'', 1923")
![Large gypsum crystals in [[Lechuguilla Cave]]'s "chandelier ballroom"](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lechuguilla Chandelier Ballroom.jpg?width=200 "Large gypsum crystals in [[Lechuguilla Cave]]'s \"chandelier ballroom\"")
![Gypsum crystals in the [[Cave of the Crystals]] in Mexico (person at lower right for scale)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cristales cueva de Naica.JPG?width=200 "Gypsum crystals in the [[Cave of the Crystals]] in Mexico (person at lower right for scale)")
![Gypsum crystals formed as the water evaporated in [[Lake Lucero]], White Sands National Park](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GypsumCrystalsLakeLucerno.jpg?width=200 "Gypsum crystals formed as the water evaporated in [[Lake Lucero]], White Sands National Park")
![Gypsum veins in the silts/marls of the Tea Green and Grey Marls, [[Blue Anchor]], [[Somerset]], United Kingdom](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White Gypsum - geograph.org.uk - 2503198.jpg?width=200 "Gypsum veins in the silts/marls of the Tea Green and Grey Marls, [[Blue Anchor]], [[Somerset]], United Kingdom")
![Gypsum veins in [[Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway]], Texas](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gypsum layers Caprock Canyons 1.JPG?width=200 "Gypsum veins in [[Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway]], Texas")
![Golden gypsum crystals from [[Winnipeg]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gypsum-24382.jpg?width=200 "Golden gypsum crystals from [[Winnipeg]]")
![Gypsum [[sand]] from [[White Sands National Park]], [[New Mexico]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WhiteSandsGypsum.jpg?width=200 "Gypsum [[sand]] from [[White Sands National Park]], [[New Mexico]]")
![Green gypsum crystals from Pernatty Lagoon, Mt Gunson, [[South Australia]] - its green color is due to presence of [[copper]] ions.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gypsum-71006.jpg?width=200 "Green gypsum crystals from Pernatty Lagoon, Mt Gunson, [[South Australia]] - its green color is due to presence of [[copper]] ions.")
![Red River]], Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gypsum-162462.jpg?width=200 "Red River]], Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada")
![Classic "ram's horn" gypsum from [[Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua]], Mexico, 7.5×4.3×3.8 cm](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gypsum-47190.jpg?width=200 "Classic \"ram's horn\" gypsum from [[Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua]], Mexico, 7.5×4.3×3.8 cm")
![Desert rose]], 47 cm long](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roses des Sables Tunisie.jpg?width=200 "Desert rose]], 47 cm long")
![Gypsum with crystalline [[native copper]] inside](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Copper-Gypsum-203925.jpg?width=200 "Gypsum with crystalline [[native copper]] inside")
![Bright, cherry-red gypsum crystals 2.5 cm in height colored by rich inclusions of the rare mineral [[botryogen]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Botryogen-Gypsum-199664.jpg?width=200 "Bright, cherry-red gypsum crystals 2.5 cm in height colored by rich inclusions of the rare mineral [[botryogen]]")
Wikipedia
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and drywall. Alabaster, a fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, has been used for sculpture by many cultures including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire, and the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England. Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals of selenite. It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration product of anhydrite.
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness defines gypsum as hardness value 2 based on scratch hardness comparison.
